Rules & guides

Optional routine events: Bare-hand (Changquan, Nanquan, Taijiquan); Short weapon (Jianshu, Daoshu, Nandao, Taijijian, Taijishan); Long weapon (Qiangshu, Gunshu, Nangun). Compulsory routine events mirror the same 3 groupings. Duilian events: bare-hand, weapon, bare-hand-vs-weapon. Jiti (Group) events. (Full breakdown in WUSHU-COMPETITIONS.md.)

Adult: 18+. Youth: 15–17. Junior: 12–14. Children: 11 and below.

Preliminaries/finals held as required. If entries in one event exceed 50 athletes, they are split into groups for preliminaries; 12 athletes advance to the final (equal numbers qualify from each group). Preliminaries award no rankings or medals.

Start order set by drawing of lots, run by the Chief Scheduler-Recorder, supervised by the Jury of Appeals and Chief Referee. With preliminaries, finals order is redrawn by lot. Where prelim + final exist, final start order runs low-to-high by preliminary placing; ties broken by lot.

Athletes report to a designated roll-call area. Three call times: 30 minutes, 20 minutes, and 10 minutes before the event start.

Failure to attend roll-call/competition = forfeit.

Athletes perform the palm-and-fist salute to the head judge: when called onto the floor, after completing the routine, and when the final score is displayed.

Timing starts at the athlete's first movement from a static position; stops when the athlete returns upright with feet together at routine's end.

All results are displayed openly.

- Changquan/Nanquan/Jianshu/Daoshu/Qiangshu/Gunshu/Nandao/Nangun — Optional: Adult 1:20–1:35; Junior (incl. children) 1:10–1:25. Compulsory: Adult ≥1:20; Junior ≥1:10; Children: no requirement.
- Taijiquan/Taijijian/Taijishan — Optional: 2:45–3:15. Compulsory: 42-Movement/Chen/Yang/Wu/Sun/Wu(Hao) Taijiquan 5–6 min; 42-Movement Taijijian & 24-Movement Taijiquan 4–5 min; 32-Movement Taijijian & 3rd-Set International routines (Taijiquan/Taijijian/Taijishan) 3–4 min.
- Duilian: 50 sec – 1 min. Jiti: 3–4 min.
(Full tables in WUSHU-COMPETITIONS.md.)

Each team gets max 2 appeals for the entire competition, one issue per appeal. Appeals limited to: Group C (Degree of Difficulty) judgement, choreography deductions, or time-limit deductions. Team leader/coach must file in writing within 15 minutes of the athlete's routine ending, with a US$200 appeal fee.

Jury of Appeals reviews immediately; decision is final. Quorum: more than half of Jury members must participate and more than half of votes must favor a ruling for it to be valid. Legitimate appeal → result changed, fee refunded. Illegitimate → original result stands, fee forfeited. Written report goes to organizing committee and appealing team. Teams must accept the final ruling; unreasonable disputes are handled per IWUF regulations.

- Individual single event / Duilian: highest score = 1st, etc.
- Individual all-around: highest combined score across events = 1st, etc.
- Jiti: highest group score = 1st, etc.
- Team: per competition regulations.
- Tied scores — Events with Degree of Difficulty (in order): (1) higher Difficulty score; (2) higher-grade completed difficulty (technique + connection); (3) more higher-grade difficulties completed; (4) higher Overall Performance score; (5) higher lowest-discarded Overall Performance score; (6) still tied → ranked equal; (7) if prelim+final, higher preliminary ranking wins.
- Tied scores — Without Difficulty / Duilian / Jiti (in order): (1) higher Overall Performance; (2) higher lowest-discarded Overall Performance; (3) still tied → equal; (4) higher preliminary ranking wins.
- Tied all-around: (1) more 1st-place finishes; (2) more 2nd-place finishes, etc.; (3) still tied → equal.
- Tied team totals: (1) more individual-event 1st places; (2) more 2nd places, etc.; (3) still tied → equal.

Judges: standard uniform + IWUF judge badge. Athletes: must wear competition attire; must show bib to head judge before entering the mat.

Must be IWUF-certified. Specifications:
- Dāo/Jiàn: tip (held vertically, left hand) not lower than top of ear; broadsword ribbon ≥30 cm hanging naturally.
- Nándāo: tip not lower than the jaw.
- Gùn/Nángùn: length not shorter than the athlete's height.
- Qiāng: length not shorter than floor-to-middle-fingertip with arm raised overhead, feet together; tassel ≥20 cm, not too sparse.
- Shàn (Fan): tip (held vertically) not lower than the elbow; upper curved edge not >1.5 cm higher than the rib tips.

Events requiring music must perform with accompaniment; athletes provide their own music.

IWUF-approved mats. Individual/Duilian area: 14 m × 8 m, 5 cm white boundary line, ≥2 m safety zone. Jiti area: 16 m × 14 m, 5 cm line, ≥1 m safety zone. Vertical clearance ≥8 m. Distance between adjacent areas ≥6 m. Platform height 0.6–1 m. Lighting ≥1000 lux (HDTV broadcast standard).

IWUF-certified Timing-Scoring and Result System used during competition.

Must conform to wushu's intrinsic nature; must be Grade B or above and not already listed in the difficulty content/grade/value/code table; jumping/tumbling innovations must include a connection. 1 innovative technique per routine per competition, submitted in writing with technical diagrams + video, received by IWUF Technical Committee 50 days before competition (postmark/email date). A 5–7 member "Taolu Innovative Technique Assessment Committee" evaluates by ≥2/3 majority vote, then sets name/grade/value/code/deduction criteria and notifies the team, Jury of Appeals, and judges before competition.

Conducted per IOC, WADA, and International Testing Agency requirements, following IWUF Anti-Doping Rules procedure.

Full score 10.0 = Quality of Movements 5.0 + Overall Performance 3.0 + Degree of Difficulty 2.0 (Technique 1.4 + Connection 0.6). Group A judges deduct for technical/other errors; Group B scores Overall Performance; Group C confirms difficulty Yes/No; Assistant Head Judge checks choreography conformance.
- Quality deductions: 0.1/occurrence for non-conforming technique; 0.05–0.3/occurrence for other errors.
- Overall Performance: 3 classes / 9 levels — Superior 2.51–3.0, Average 1.91–2.5, Inferior 1.01–1.9.
- Difficulty technique values: Grade A = 0.2, B = 0.3, C = 0.4; capped at 1.4 total (only the last registered technique's value may be reduced to fit the cap).
- Difficulty connection values: Grade A = 0.1, B = 0.15, C = 0.2, D = 0.25; capped at 0.6 total (same last-item reduction rule).
- Innovative difficulty bonus: B-grade +0.1, C-grade +0.15, D-grade +0.2 (only if successfully executed).
- Choreography deduction: 0.1–0.5/occurrence.

Full score 10.0 = Quality of Movements 7.0 + Overall Performance 3.0. Same Group A/B roles and deduction standards as Article 22 (0.1/occurrence technique errors; 0.05–0.3 other errors; 0.1–0.5 choreography; same 3-class/9-level Overall Performance bands).

Group B scores displayed to 2 decimal places. Final Overall Performance score displayed to 3 decimal places (truncated, not rounded, beyond that).

- With Difficulty: Actual score = Quality + Overall Performance + Difficulty.
  - Quality: ≥2 of 3 Group A judges must agree on a deduction for it to count; remaining value after cumulative deductions = Quality score.
  - Overall Performance: of 5 Group B judges, drop highest & lowest, average the middle 3.
  - Difficulty: ≥2 of 3 Group C judges must confirm a technique/connection for its points to count; sum of confirmed values = Difficulty score.
- Without Difficulty / Duilian / Jiti: Actual score = Quality + Overall Performance (same judge-agreement rules as above).

- Time deductions — Changquan/Nanquan/Jianshu/Daoshu/Qiangshu/Gunshu/Nandao/Nangun/Duilian: 0.1 per ≤2 sec under/over; 0.2 for 2–4 sec, etc. (in that pattern).
- Taijiquan/Taijijian/Taijishan/Jiti: 0.1 per ≤5 sec under/over; 0.2 for 5–10 sec, etc.
- Choreography deductions: per the Choreography Deduction standards (Table 10-4-1).
- Bonus points: awarded per Innovative Degree of Difficulty Bonus Points Standards when the registered innovative technique/connection is successfully executed.
- Routine restart: allowed once, without deduction, if interrupted by unforeseen objective circumstances (power outage, scoring-system failure, etc.), with Head Judge's permission + Chief Referee's approval; restart may be rescheduled to after the last competitor of the event.

- With Difficulty: Final score = Actual score − Head Judge deductions + Innovative Difficulty bonus points.
- Without Difficulty / Duilian / Jiti: Final score = Actual score − Head Judge deductions.

Required compulsory content does not include techniques already counted as Degree of Difficulty techniques/connections.

Minimums:
- Changquan: 3 hand shapes (Quán/Zhǎng/Gōu), 3 fist techniques, 2 palm techniques, 1 offensive elbow technique, 5 stances (Gōng/Mǎ/Pū/Xū/Xiē Bù), 3 leg techniques (straight-leg swing, flexion-extension, sweep), 1 extended balance.
- Jianshu: 8 sword techniques (Cì/Guà/Liāo/Diǎn/Pī/Bēng/Jié Jiàn, Jiǎn Wàn Huā) incl. one full left+right Guà Jiàn set connected with Chuān Guà Jiàn behind the back; 5 stances; 1 extended balance.
- Daoshu: 8 broadsword techniques (Chán Tóu/Guǒ Nǎo/Pī/Zhā/Zhǎn/Guà/Yún Dāo, Bèi Huā Dāo) incl. one full Chán Tóu + Guǒ Nǎo Dāo set; 5 stances.
- Qiangshu: 8 spear techniques (Lán/Ná/Zhā/Chuān/Bēng/Diǎn Qiāng, Wǔ Huā Qiāng, Tiǎo Bǎ) incl. 3 continuous one-take Lán+Ná+Zhā Qiāng; 5 stances.
- Gunshu: 8 cudgel techniques (Píng Lūn/Pī/Yún/Bēng/Jiǎo/Chuō Gùn, Wǔ Huā Gùn, Tí Liāo Huā Gùn) incl. 3 continuous one-take two-handed Tí Liāo Huā Gùn; 5 stances.

- Nanquan: 1 hand shape (Hǔ Zhǎo), 2 fist techniques (Guà Gài Quán, Pāo Quán), 1 bridge technique (Gǔn Qiáo), 6 stances (Gōng/Mǎ/Pū/Xū/Dié/Qí Lóng Bù), 1 footwork (Qí Lín Bù), 1 leg technique (Héng Dīng Tuǐ).
- Nandao: 8 broadsword techniques (Chán Tóu/Guǒ Nǎo/Pī/Mǒ/Gé/Jié/Sǎo Dāo, Jiǎn Wàn Huā Dāo); same 6 stances, footwork, and leg technique as Nanquan.
- Nangun: 8 cudgel techniques (Pī/Bēng/Jiǎo/Gǔn Yā/Gé/Jī/Dǐng/Pāo Gùn); same 6 stances, footwork, and leg technique as Nanquan.

- Taijiquan: 8 techniques (Lǎn Què Wěi, Zuǒ Yòu Yě Mǎ Fēn Zōng, Zuǒ Yòu Lōu Xī Ào Bù, Yún Shǒu, Chuān Suō, Yǎn Shǒu Gōng Chuí, Zuǒ Yòu Dào Juǎn Gōng, Bān Lán Chuí); 3 stances (Gōng/Pū/Xū Bù); 2 leg techniques.
- Taijijian: 8 sword techniques (Cì/Zuǒ Yòu Guà/Liāo/Diǎn/Pī/Jié/Mǒ/Jiǎo Jiàn); 3 stances.
- Taijishan: 8 fan techniques (Kāi/Hé/Cì/Guà/Liāo/Diǎn/Pī/Pāo Jiē Shàn); 3 stances.

Bare-hand: ≥3 fist techniques, 2 palm techniques, 5 leg techniques, 2 break-fall methods. Weapon: ≥6 weapon techniques, 2 leg techniques, 1 break-fall method. Bare-hand vs. weapon: ≥3 fist techniques, 4 weapon techniques, 2 break-fall methods.

≥5 hand/weapon techniques, 5 stances, 4 leg techniques, 3 jumping techniques, 5 differing pattern formations.

Top: Chinese mandarin collar, short sleeves (long sleeves = lantern-type with tight cuffs); men's top: fully-openable front, 7 toggle buttons; women's: half-open front (3 toggles) or full-open (7 toggles); 1 cm trim throughout. Pants: loose lantern-type legs, elastic waist, appropriately sized. Waist: soft sash or solid belt.

Top: collarless, fully-openable front, 7 toggle buttons; men's sleeveless, women's short-sleeve; 1 cm trim. Pants/waist: same as Article 34.

Top: Chinese mandarin collar, long lantern sleeves with tight cuffs, fully-openable front with 7 toggle buttons; jacket bottom must not extend past the fingertips with arms hanging straight; 1 cm trim. Pants: same as Article 34.

Permitted stipulated Islamic attire (cannot mix-and-match selectively): (1) long-sleeve top worn under the short-sleeve taolu uniform for events requiring short sleeves; (2) head scarf for all events; (3) long-sleeve top and headscarf must match each other and the uniform's color/trim. Non-conforming attire → Jury of Appeals may deny participation.

Fabric/color freely chosen. Embroidery/printed patterns permitted.

Six salute forms, each: stand with feet together, hold hands/apparatus 20–30 cm from chest:
1. Palm-and-fist salute: left palm + right fist held together at chest height.
2. Broadsword salute: left hand holds broadsword horizontally across chest edge-up; right palm's center rests on left thumb's first joint.
3. Straight-sword salute: left hand holds sword diagonally against outer forearm; right palm's outer edge rests on left index finger's base knuckle.
4. Spear/cudgel salute: right hand grips 1/3 up the shaft, weapon vertical in front of chest; left palm's thumb-joint rests against it.
5. Fan salute: left hand holds fan diagonally against outer forearm; right palm outer edge at left index base knuckle.
6. Double-apparatus salute: both weapons held in one hand performing the relevant salute above; if impractical, hold in both hands facing the head judge (eye contact) as salute.

When roll-call official inspects apparatus: short apparatus handed tip-down, vertically; long apparatus handed tip-up, vertically. Other apparatus follow the same etiquette pattern.

Diagrams provided (not reproducible as text) for (1) layout of events with Degree of Difficulty and (2) layout of events without Degree of Difficulty (incl. Duilian/Jiti).

With-Difficulty events: J1/J5/J9 = Group A; J2/J4/J6/J8/J10 = Group B; J3/J7/J11 = Group C. HJ = Head Judge, AHJ = Assistant Head Judge (Score Recorder sits beside HJ if no electronic system). CR = Chief Referee, ACR = Assistant Chief Referee. JOA = Jury of Appeals.
Without-Difficulty events: J1/J3/J5/J7/J8 = Group B; J2/J4/J6 = Group A. Same HJ/AHJ/CR/ACR/JOA layout.
Platform: two rows, 120–150 cm apart, back row 40 cm higher than front. Jury/Chief Referee/Asst. Chief Referees/Head Judge share the front row (single FOP) or a shared row between multiple FOPs.

1 Chairman + 2 members.

Receives and rules on appeals promptly; members recuse from matters involving their own federation; may invite non-voting advisors; Chairman has tie-breaking vote; all rulings final.

- Chief Referee ×1; Assistant Chief Referee(s) ×1–2.
- With-Difficulty FOP (13 total): Head Judge ×1, Assistant Head Judge ×1, Group A ×3, Group B ×5, Group C ×3.
- Without-Difficulty/Duilian/Jiti FOP (10 total): Head Judge ×1, Assistant Head Judge ×1, Group A ×3, Group B ×5.
- Schedule–Recording Group (4–5 total): Chief Scheduler-Recorder ×1, Scheduler-Recorders ×3–4 (+1 Score Recorder per FOP if no electronic system).
- Registration Group (4–7 total): Chief Registrar ×1, Roll-Call Officials ×3–6.

Chief Referee: leads/supervises judging, explains (not alters) rules, may reassign judges/discipline for serious errors, may warn/escalate re: unruly athletes/coaches, reviews & announces results. Assistant Chief Referee: assists, may act for Chief Referee in absence. Head Judge: trains judges, deducts for time/choreography, awards innovative-difficulty bonus, may recommend discipline for judges' errors. Assistant Head Judge: assists Head Judge, checks choreography conformance and times routines. Group A/B/C Judges: train, judge independently with detailed records — A=Quality, B=Overall Performance, C=Difficulty. Chief Scheduler-Recorder: records/data accuracy, registration review, program prep, drawing of lots, forms, results, oversees scoring-system prep. Chief Registrar: organizes roll-call, awards-ceremony roll-call. Scheduler-Recorder: performs assigned tasks. Score Recorder: records each judge's results, calculates final score, reports to Chief Scheduler-Recorder. Roll-Call Official: performs assigned tasks per Chief Registrar's info.

Announcer ×1–2. Sound Technician ×1–2. Jury of Appeals Camera Operator ×2–4.

Announcer: announces competition info, results, notices, and directs award ceremony. Sound Technician: maintains AV equipment, collects/backs up and plays athletes' music. Jury of Appeals Camera Operator: films every event continuously without interruption, archives all footage.

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Technique tables 10-1-1 (Changquan, Jianshu, Daoshu, Qiangshu, Gunshu), 10-1-2 (Nanquan, Nandao, Nangun) and 10-1-3 (Taijiquan, Taijijian, Taijishan): 0.1 once per technique, however many of its errors appear; the same weapon-technique error repeated within one group of movements is deducted once. Taiji events also deduct a repeated footwork or stance error once per group, and cap fist, palm, sword fingers, body posture and hand techniques at 0.3 per technique for the routine.

Tables 10-1-4 (Duilian, codes 90–95) and 10-1-5 (Jiti, codes 90–97): 0.1 per error, added up per person each time it happens.

Table 10-1-6 — Other errors (codes 70A–79): torso sway 0.05; foot shuffle or skip 0.1; additional support 0.2; fall 0.3; weapon touches floor, loses grip, hits body or deforms 0.1; weapon breaks 0.2; weapon dropped 0.3; ribbon, tassel, costume or shoe problems 0.1; balance not held 2 seconds 0.1; out of bounds 0.1; forgetting 0.1. Added up each time, including several in one technique.

The full list of every code, with the technique and what the judge looks for, is in Deduction codes above: search a code such as 50 or a technique such as horse stance.

Table 10-2-1: 3 classes / 9 levels.
| Class | Level | Score Range |
|---|---|---|
| Superior (好) | 1 / 2 / 3 | 2.91–3.0 / 2.71–2.9 / 2.51–2.7 |
| Average (一般) | 4 / 5 / 6 | 2.31–2.5 / 2.11–2.3 / 1.91–2.1 |
| Inferior (不好) | 7 / 8 / 9 | 1.61–1.9 / 1.31–1.6 / 1.01–1.3 |
Criteria: technique correctness, strength/force issuance, focus of force, hand-eye-body-footwork-weapon coordination, rhythm, style, music harmony (where applicable).

3-Digit/4-Digit Coding System (Tables 10-3-1 to 10-3-3):
- Table 10-3-1 (Balance/Leg): 1st digit category (1=Balance,2=Leg Technique); 2nd digit state (1=Upright,2=Backward,3=Forward,4=Squat,5=Sideways,6=Twisted); 3rd digit leg method (1=Shift,2=Kick,3=Control,4=Sweep); 4th digit = grade letter (A/B/C).
- Table 10-3-2 (Jumping/Tumbling): 1st digit (3=Jumping,4=Tumbling); 2nd digit state (1=Upright/Straight,2=Vertical Rotation,3=Sagittal Rotation,4=Frontal Rotation,5=Complex Rotation,6=Rotation); 3rd digit direction (1=None,2=Forward-Upward,3=Inward/Left,4=Outward/Right,5=Forwards,6=Backwards); 4th digit = grade letter.
- Table 10-3-3 (Connections/Throw-Catch): 12 numeric offset codes +0 to +11 representing landing/connection positions (e.g., +0 Pū Bù, +1 Mǎ Bù, +2 Dié Bù, +3 Tí Xī Dú Lì, +4 Diē Shù Chā, +5 Diē Chà, +6 Zuò Pán, +7 Gōng Bù, +8 Single-foot landing, +9 Throw+Catch, +10 Jiǎn Shì, +11 Xiē Shì).

Difficulty Technique content/grade/value tables — point values fixed at A=0.2, B=0.3, C=0.4:
- Table 10-3-4 (Changquan/Jianshu/Daoshu/Qiangshu/Gunshu): ~21 distinct technique codes across Balance (5 A-grade incl. 111A/112A/123A/153A/163A, 1 B-grade 133B), Leg (244A/244B), Jumping (312A/312B; 323A/B/C; 324A/B/C; 333A/353B/C; 335A/355B).
- Table 10-3-5 (Nanquan/Nandao/Nangun): ~15 codes incl. 244A/B, 312A, 323A/B/C, 324A/B/C, 335A, 346A/B, 415A, 423A, 447A.
- Table 10-3-6 (Taijiquan/Taijijian/Taijishan): ~11 codes incl. 142A, 143A/B, 212A, 312A/B, 323A/B/C, 324B/C.

Difficulty Connection content/grade/value tables — point values fixed at A=0.1, B=0.15, C=0.2, D=0.25:
- Table 10-3-7 (Changquan group): approx. 56 coded connection combinations (e.g., 244A+6, 312A+335A, 323C+324C, 335A+353B, 312A+9 "throw+catch").
- Table 10-3-8 (Nanquan group): approx. 27 coded combinations (e.g., 312A+3, 323A+346B, 346B+11).
- Table 10-3-9 (Taiji group): approx. 18 coded combinations (e.g., 142A+3, 323B+3, 324B+8).
(Counts are derived from the observed table rows; treat as approximate given the density of the source tables. Exact per-cell codes are reproduced faithfully above wherever quoted.)

Non-Conformity Criteria tables (10-3-10 Changquan group, 10-3-11 Nanquan group, 10-3-12 Taiji group) list, per technique/connection, the specific reasons a difficulty will not be confirmed — e.g., insufficient rotation degrees, exceeding run-up step limits (1–4 steps depending on event group), not executed in the air, feet landing alternately instead of simultaneously, additional support, or a fall. Each event group also has attached Execution Related Standards covering: (1) how rotation degree is measured (angle between takeoff/landing foot lines), (2) run-up step counting rules, (3) required connection content (must match the compulsory Table 10-3-7/8/9 entries; only one throw-catch connection per weapon routine), and (4) evaluation rules (a failed technique invalidates its adjoining connections; altered connection form invalidates both technique and connection; same-foot landing rule; ≥2 full techniques required between two Dynamic+Static connection groups).

Table 10-4-1 — Choreography Deduction codes (7 codes):
| Code | Content | Deduction |
|---|---|---|
| 80 | Optional routine: missing/altered compulsory technique; compulsory routine: added/missing/altered compulsory technique | 0.2 |
| 81 | Compulsory routine: added or missing step | 0.1 |
| 82 | Nanquan/Nandao/Nangun compulsory: missing/extra/incorrect vocalization | 0.2 |
| 83 | Static pose (excl. balance) held >2 sec; unmethodical pause before Taijiquan/Taijijian difficulty; non-offensive/defensive filler before difficulty | 0.1 |
| 84 | Compulsory routine directional deviation: Changquan/Nanquan type >90°; Taiji type >45° | 0.1 |
| 85 | <2 complete technique movements between two difficulty groups | 0.1 |
| 86 | Required music absent, or music contains vocals/lyrics | 0.5 |

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Expands on Articles 43–48 with granular duty lists for: Jury of Appeals Chairman/Members; Chief Referee, Assistant Chief Referee, Head Judge, Assistant Head Judge, Group A/B/C Judges, Chief Scheduler-Recorder, Chief Registrar, Scheduler-Recorders, Score-Recorders, Roll-Call Officials; and Announcers, Sound Technicians, Jury of Appeals Camera Operators, and Scoring System Operators. Notable specifics not already in Articles 45–48:
- Jury Chairman stops accepting appeals 15 minutes after a routine's results are announced.
- Chief Referee organizes a mock competition rehearsal the day before competition and a 30-minute pre-session judges' meeting before each session.
- Chief Scheduler-Recorder / Chief Registrar arrive 45 minutes before each session.
- Announcer/Sound Technician arrive 1 hour before each session.
- Roll-Call Officials perform the 3 roll-calls (30/20/10 min prior) and gather athletes in the waiting area 5 minutes before the event, matching Article 6.

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11 sections, each giving precise biomechanical descriptions (hand shape, technique execution, force focus point) for the main techniques of: (1) Changquan, (2) Jianshu, (3) Daoshu, (4) Qiangshu, (5) Gunshu, (6) Nanquan, (7) Nandao, (8) Nangun, (9) Taijiquan, (10) Taijijian, (11) Taijishan. These are technique-glossary definitions (e.g., "Gōng Bù/Bow Stance: front leg half-squat, thigh horizontal, toes slightly hooked in, knee vertically above instep; rear leg straight, toes hooked in, both soles flat") rather than numeric rule values; stances/leg-techniques are frequently defined once for Changquan and then cross-referenced ("same as Changquan's Gōng Bù") for the other weapon events, and once for Nanquan and cross-referenced for Nandao/Nangun. No deduction codes appear in this appendix.

Three sections:
1. Basic Requirements: judges must be proficient in technique classification/coding and difficulty-confirmation/deduction standards; must track dynamic/static/transition phases accurately.
2. Electronic Scoring System Operation: Group A inputs deduction codes in sequence (priority order: movement errors before other errors; lower-limb before upper-limb; body errors before weapon-method errors) and presses Enter; Group B keys in the Overall Performance score and presses Enter; Group C presses a Confirm/Non-confirm key per difficulty item in sequence, then Enter; Assistant Head Judge presses Confirm/Non-confirm per compulsory-content item, then Enter; Head Judge reviews video, inputs choreography-deduction codes and/or time-deductions/innovative bonus, then Enter; the Timing-Scoring System auto-calculates and publicly displays the final score.
3. Manual (Non-Electronic) Scoring Operation: same judge groups, but results are hand-written on scoreboards (Group C marks "√"/"×" per difficulty item; Assistant Head Judge marks "√"/"×" per compulsory-content item) and a Score-Recorder tallies at least 2 concurring judges per deduction/confirmation, then manually computes and displays the athlete's final score.

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- Team Events (团体比赛)
- Individual Events (个人比赛)

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- Methods: Round Robin, Knock-Out.
- Each bout = 3 rounds, best-of-three (win 2 of 3 rounds to win the bout).
- Round length: 2 minutes (Children/Junior/Youth may use 1 min 30 sec instead).
- Rest between rounds: 1 minute.

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| Category | Age |
|---|---|
| Adult | 18–40 (incl. 40) |
| Youth | 15–17 (incl. 17) |
| Junior | 12–14 (incl. 14) |
| Children | 9–11 |

Requirements: valid passport of the represented country/region; valid personal life insurance certificate; health certificate (EEG, ECG, blood pressure, heart rate) from a check-up within 15 days prior to registration date.

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Four age-group tables (Children: 10 classes 26–48kg; Junior: 10 classes 39–72kg; Youth: 10 classes 48–90kg; Adult: 12 classes 48kg–over 100kg). See `WUSHU-COMPETITIONS.md` for full exact brackets.

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- Only athletes who pass credential review may weigh in; must bring passport.
- Conducted by the chief registrar with scheduler-recorders, under Jury of Appeals supervision.
- Athletes must arrive at the designated time/place; may weigh in naked or in trunks (women may wear tight-fitting undergarments).
- Weigh-in starts from the lightest category and proceeds to heaviest; each category must complete weigh-in within 1 hour. Failure to make registered weight within the allotted hour bars the athlete from all subsequent matches.
- Athletes competing on a given day must weigh in at the specified time/place prior to that day's competition.

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- Conducted by the scheduling-recording group, in presence of the Jury of Appeals chairman, chief referee, and team coaches/leaders.
- Takes place after the first weigh-in, starting from lightest category upward. A category with only 1 competitor is excluded from the contest.
- Team coaches/leaders draw lots on behalf of their own athletes.

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- All competitors must wear IWUF-approved clothing and protective gear.
- Clothing: men — sanda shorts + vest; women — sanda shorts (skirt) + t-shirt; top and bottom must match color (red or blue). Each competitor must provide one red set and one blue set.
- Protective gear (red/blue color-coded): headgear, gloves, chest protector, shin guard (Children & Junior only), instep guard (Children, Junior & Youth only). Athletes provide their own gum guard, groin cup, and hand wraps. Groin cup worn under trunks. Hand wrap length: 3.5–4.5 meters total.

Glove weight table (7.4):

| Glove Weight | Applicable Categories |
|---|---|
| 180 grams | Men & women's Children division, all weights. Male & female Junior division 48kg & below. |
| 230 grams | Men & women's Junior division 52kg and above. Women's Youth division, all weights. Men's Youth division 65kg and below. Women's Adult division, all weights. Men's Adult division 65kg and below. |
| 280 grams | Men's Youth & Adult division 70kg to 85kg. |
| 330 grams | Men's Youth & Adult division 90kg and above. |

- Islamic attire (7.5): female Muslim competitors may wear: long-sleeve top (not form-fitting), full-length trousers (not form-fitting), head scarf (same color as attire, worn under headgear). All three must be worn together (not selectively). Material must be flexible, not excessively slick (spandex/polyester/nylon/microfiber blends acceptable). Top, trousers, and scarf must match color (red or blue); one full red set and one full blue set required. Clothing must not restrict range of motion, interfere with the opponent, or interfere with IWUF protective gear — the on-site Jury of Appeals may disqualify a competitor whose attire fails these conditions.

Protective gear regulations:
1. Missing required gear during competition = technical foul; may continue after correcting. Soft supports (knee/ankle/elastic bandage) for injury require medical supervisor approval.
2. If gloves come off during a match after roll-call, this is treated as intentional loosening → technical foul on that competitor. If a competitor's gloves come off while knocking the opponent off the platform or down, the "off-platform"/"down" call on the opponent is voided, and the competitor whose gloves came off is penalized with a technical foul.
3. Children & Junior competitors must wear shin guard + instep guard; Youth competitors must wear instep guard.
4. Glove fastening knot must be on the back of the hand, secured with tape.

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- Competitors perform a palm-and-fist salute to the audience when introduced before each match.
- At the start of each round: competitors salute their own coach (coach returns salute), then salute each other.
- When results are announced: competitors switch positions, salute each other, then salute the platform judge (who returns it), then salute the opposing coach (who returns it).
- Sideline judges being replaced salute each other.

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- A competitor unable to compete due to illness/injury (confirmed by medical committee doctor) or failure to make weight = default; barred from further matches, but results already achieved remain valid.
- In case of a severe skill mismatch, the coach may raise the "default" plate, or the competitor may raise a hand or voluntarily leave the platform to default (for safety).
- Groundless default = failing to appear for weigh-in on time; missing roll-call 3 times before a bout; leaving the area after roll-call without authorization; failing to appear on time. This is a "groundless default."
- Groundless default during a competition = cancellation of ALL of that competitor's results in the competition.

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- On-site judges must be serious, fair, accurate, and may not leave their seats without permission from the head judge.
- Competitors must follow rules/etiquette and respect officials; no disruptive conduct (shouting, cursing, throwing gear). Coaches/competitors may not leave the field of play before results are announced (except medical emergency). Violation → head judge may issue admonition or warning.
- During a bout the coach may be accompanied by only 1 assistant coach/team doctor, in official attire, seated at the designated spot (no shorts/sandals).
- Disobedience/disruption/verbal or physical abuse toward opponents or judges, ignoring warnings → head judge may refer to the supervisory committee, which (depending on severity) may cancel that round's results, cancel all results, publicly announce the matter, and/or revoke competition eligibility.
- Doping is strictly forbidden; competitors may not inhale oxygen during inter-round rest.

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- 1 chairman, 1 assistant chairman, and 3 or 5 members (total committee of 3 or 5, per the "共3人或5人组成" wording — chairman + assistant chairman + members).

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- Works under the Organizing Committee; supervises competition matters: venue/facilities, equipment, scheduling, drawing of lots, weigh-in, official groupings/arrangements.
- Supervises officiating during competition; may issue warnings to officials for clear injustice/inaccuracy, and in serious cases may propose to the IWUF Technical Committee that an official be removed from officiating duties for that competition.
- Handles appeals from participating teams regarding platform referee's on-site judgment, but only for decisions concerning that team's own bout.
- Must process appeals immediately and notify all relevant parties of the ruling; the Jury's decision is final.
- Investigates immediately (reviewing video if necessary); may hold meetings, invite observers without vote. Quorum: more than half of members must attend for votes to be valid; majority vote decides; tied vote → chairman has final decision.
- Members recuse themselves from discussions/votes involving their own country/region.
- If the original decision is confirmed correct, it stands; if confirmed incorrect, the Jury may change the ruling and request the IWUF Judges' Committee address the erring official per IWUF provisions.

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- Each participating team has at most 2 appeals for the whole competition. An invalid appeal deducts from this allowance.
- Appeals of an on-site platform referee ruling must be raised immediately on-site; the Jury reviews and rules immediately. Valid appeal → result amended; invalid appeal → original ruling stands.
- After the ruling, the appellant must complete the written appeal procedure; if the appeal is denied ("loses"), the team must pay a US$200 appeal fee.
- Teams must abide by the Jury's final decisions; unreasonable disputing, failure to follow appeal procedure, or refusal to pay the fee is dealt with per the severity provisions of Article 10.

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- 1 Chief Referee, 1–2 Assistant Chief Referees.
- Onsite Judges Group (1–2 groups depending on scale): 1 Head Judge, 1 Assistant Head Judge, 2–4 Platform Referees (rotational standby), 1 Recorder, 1 Timekeeper, 3 or 5 Sideline Judges (2–3 groups on rotational standby).
- 1 Chief Scheduler-Recorder.
- 1 Chief Registrar.

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| Role | Count |
|---|---|
| Scheduler-Recorders | 4 |
| Registrars | 4–6 |
| Medical Supervisor | 1 |
| Medical Assistants | 2–5 |
| Announcers | 1–2 |
| Electronic Scoring System Operators | 2–4 |
| Jury of Appeals Camera Operators | 2–4 |

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- 16.1 Chief Referee: organizes rules study for officials; inspects venue/equipment/weigh-in/lots/scheduling prep; resolves competition issues per the rules (cannot modify the rules themselves); directs judges' groups and may reassign officials; notifies technical delegate/Jury/head judge/chief scheduler-recorder/announcers of order changes from defaults; has final say on disputes within official groups; oversees rule compliance; reviews/signs/announces results; submits written report to the Organizing Committee.
- 16.2 Assistant Chief Referee: assists the Chief Referee; takes over Chief Referee's duties in their absence.
- 16.3 Head Judge: organizes his group's study/work; oversees judges/timekeeper/recorder during competition; whistles to prompt correction of a platform referee's clear misjudgment/omission; may amend bout results before announcement with Chief Referee approval in cases of misjudgment; announces the result at the end of each round; handles absolute victory, off-platform, penalties, forcible counting per competitors' actions and recorder's records; reviews/signs results at end of each bout.
- 16.4 Assistant Head Judge: assists Head Judge, prioritizing oversight of the recorder; may take on other judges' duties as needed.
- 16.5 Platform Referees: inspect competitors' protective gear for safety; direct competitors via calls/gestures; judge falling-down, off-platform, fouls, passivity, counting, on-site treatment calls; announce results of each bout.
- 16.6 Sideline Judges: award points for punching/kicking technique per the Rules; display results simultaneously and instantly at the head judge's request at end of each round; objectively answer platform referees' queries; sign the scorecard at end of each bout (kept for verification).
- 16.7 Recorder: fills in competitor details on recording forms before each bout; participates in weigh-in and records weights; records points per platform referee's calls/gestures; records admonitions, warnings, off-platform calls, and forcible counts.
- 16.8 Time-Keeper: inspects gong/timing devices before competition, ensures accurate clocks/stopwatches; keeps time for rounds, stops, and rest periods; without an electronic scoring system, whistles 10 seconds before each round starts and strikes the gong at round end.
- 16.9 Chief Scheduler-Recorder: examines competitors' credentials/entry forms; organizes drawing of lots; compiles competition schedule; prepares competition forms; verifies results/placings; records/disseminates results of all bouts; compiles results book.
- 16.10 Scheduler-Recorders: perform tasks as assigned by the Chief Scheduler-Recorder.
- 16.11 Chief Registrar: responsible for competitors' weigh-in; prepares/manages protective gear during competition; summons competitors for roll-call 20 minutes before a bout; reports absences/defaults at roll-call to the Chief Referee immediately; inspects competitors' uniforms/gear per the Rules; handles roll-call for medal ceremony.
- 16.12 Registrars: perform tasks as assigned by the Chief Registrar.
- 16.13 Announcers: introduce rules/regulations and promotional material to the audience; introduce judges and competitors; announce results.
- 16.14 Medical Supervisor: inspects athletes' medical certificates; conducts pre-competition medical spot-checks; provides on-site injury treatment; determines injury circumstances caused by fouls; recommends bout suspension to the Chief Referee when an athlete is unfit to continue; cooperates with doping control personnel.
- 16.15 Electronic Scoring System Operators: handle electronic scoring system operation. Jury of Appeals Camera Operators: responsible for filming/recording all bouts per competition rules.

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- All wushu punching, kicking, and throwing/wrestling techniques are permitted.

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- Attacking with the head, elbow, or knee, or forcing the opponent's joints in an adverse direction.
- Throwing/wrestling techniques that force the opponent to land on the head, or deliberately smashing the opponent down.
- Attacking the head of a downed opponent by any means.
- Children and Junior competitions may prohibit kicking techniques to the head or continuous punching to the head.

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- Head, torso, thighs.

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- Back of the head, neck, crotch.

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Score 2 points:
| Situation |
|---|
| Opponent falls off the platform |
| Opponent falls down while the scorer remains standing |
| Valid leg technique strikes opponent's torso or head |
| Scorer makes opponent fall by proactively falling him/herself, and immediately stands up in a flowing motion |
| Opponent receives a forcible counting |
| Opponent receives a warning |

- "Fall off the platform" = any part of the body making firm contact with/supported by the outer safety mats or ground.
- Striking is judged on four aspects: (a) Observing the attack — technique is clear, impact precise, clearly strikes scoring area; (b) Observing the defense — no defensive action, or strike precedes defense, or defensive failure; (c) Observing the displacement — movement/vibration/shaking of body from impact; (d) Listening to the sound — crisp or dull sound from the strike.
- Cumulative scoring: one action producing different scoring effects → each score value is accumulated.
- "Proactive Falling" = using a forward/backward leg sweep (supporting with body parts other than both feet) to attack and cause the opponent to fall.

Score 1 point:
| Situation |
|---|
| Valid punching technique strikes opponent's torso or head |
| Valid leg technique strikes opponent's thigh |
| Both fall; the one who falls later |
| Scorer makes opponent fall by proactive falling but does NOT immediately stand up in a flowing motion |
| Competitor ordered to attack fails to do so within 5 seconds — opponent scores |
| Proactive faller fails to rise within 3 seconds — opponent scores |
| Opponent receives an admonition |

No points awarded:
| Situation |
|---|
| Technique unclear / effect not evident |
| Both competitors fall off the platform, or both fall simultaneously |
| Proactive-fall attempt makes no contact but competitor rises within 3 seconds |
| A strike lands while in a hold/clinch |

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22.1 Technical Fouls:
- Passive holding/clinching.
- Passive evasion.
- Calling for a time-out when in a disadvantageous position.
- Intentionally delaying the bout.
- Disrespect toward or disobedience of judges during a bout.
- Failing to wear/spitting out gum guard; intentionally loosening gear.
- Failure to observe required competition etiquette.

22.2 Personal Fouls:
- Attacking before "Kaishi (Start)!" or after "Ting (Stop)!"
- Striking a prohibited area.
- Striking with a prohibited technique.
- Deliberately worsening the opponent's injury.

22.3 Penalties:

| Foul | Penalty |
|---|---|
| Technical foul (each occurrence) | Admonition |
| Personal foul (each occurrence) | Warning |
| 3 personal fouls in one bout | Disqualification from that bout |
| Deliberate injury of opponent | Disqualification from entire competition; all results invalidated |
| Prohibited substance use / inhaling oxygen during rest | Disqualification from entire competition; all results invalidated |

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A match is stopped when:
1. A competitor falls down (excluding proactive falling) or falls off the platform.
2. A competitor is being penalized for a foul.
3. A competitor is injured.
4. Competitors clinch/hold for more than 2 seconds without a resulting wrestling/throwing technique.
5. A competitor proactively falls and remains down more than 3 seconds.
6. A competitor fails to attack within 5 seconds of being ordered to do so.
7. A competitor raises a hand requesting a time-out.
8. The head judge corrects a misjudgment or omission.
9. A problem or dangerous situation arises on the platform.
10. Lighting, field of play, electronic scoring system malfunction, or similar objective factors affect the competition.

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24.1 Absolute Victory:
1. Great disparity in strength — platform referee, with head judge's approval, may declare the stronger competitor the bout winner.
2. Competitor knocked down and fails to rise within 10 seconds (excluding personal fouls), or rises but shows abnormal consciousness — opponent declared winner.
3. Competitor forcibly counted 3 times in one bout after heavy blows (excluding personal fouls) — opponent declared winner.
4. In one round, if all 5 sideline judges show a point difference of 12 points or more — the competitor with the higher score is declared bout winner.

24.2 Determining the Winner of a Round:
1. Based on recorder's records and sideline judges' results.
2. Forcibly counted 2 times in one round (excluding personal fouls) — opponent wins the round.
3. Falls off the platform 2 times in one round — opponent wins the round.
4. Tied score in a round is broken in order by: (a) fewer warnings wins; (b) fewer admonitions wins; (c) lighter weight on the day of the contest wins. If still tied after all three, the round is declared a tie.

24.3 Determining the Winner of a Bout:
1. First to win 2 rounds wins the bout.
2. Injured/ill competitor certified by medical supervisor as unable to continue — opponent wins the bout.
3. Competitor confirmed by medical supervisor to have feigned injury — opponent (who committed the alleged foul) is declared winner.
4. Competitor injured by opponent's foul, confirmed unable to continue by medical supervisor — is declared bout winner, but is barred from all subsequent bouts.
5. Round-robin: equal rounds won by both competitors in a bout = declared a draw.
6. Knockout: equal rounds won — tie is broken in order by (a) fewer warnings, (b) fewer admonitions; if still tied, an additional round is added (repeated as needed).

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25.1 Individual Placing:
- Knockout system: placing decided directly from results.
- Round-robin system: more accumulated points = higher placing. Ties broken in order: (a) fewer rounds lost; (b) fewer warnings; (c) fewer admonitions; (d) lighter weight at time of drawing lots. If still tied after all four, competitors share the same placing.

25.2 Team Placing:
- Placing points per weight category:

| Places awarded | Points |
|---|---|
| Top 8 (per category) | 9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |
| Top 6 (per category) | 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |

- Tied team scores broken in order: (a) team with more individual 1st places ranks higher (then more 2nd places, and so on); (b) fewer warnings; (c) fewer admonitions. If still tied, teams share the same placing.

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- Based on competition regulations, number of registered participants, and total competition duration.
- Same weight category / same round bouts organized together, as evenly as possible.
- An athlete may compete at most 2 matches in a single day.
- Within a session, bouts begin from lighter weight categories and move up to heaviest.

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- Sideline judges record points per scoring criteria; fill scores into the score recording form (Table 11) after each round.
- Recorder records points per platform referee's calls/gestures; records admonitions, warnings, off-platform, and forcible counts (Table 10).
- Round-robin: winner scores 2 points, loser 0 points, a draw scores 1 point each. Winner-by-default scores 2 points, defaulter 0 points.

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All gestures reference figures (Fig 5–46) in the original document. Calls/gestures, in order:

| # | Call/Gesture | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 28.1 | Palm & Fist Salute | Feet together, left palm pressed against right fist at chest height, 20–30cm from chest. |
| 28.2 | Mount the Platform | Stand at center, arms out to sides, palms up pointing at competitors; then bend arms to 90°, palms facing each other. |
| 28.3 | Competitors Salute One Another | Arms bent in front of body, left palm over right fist, signaling competitors to salute each other. |
| 28.4 | First Round | Facing head judge, Gong Bu stance, one arm extended forward with index finger up, other fingers clenched. |
| 28.5 | Second Round | Same stance; index + middle fingers up, other fingers clenched. |
| 28.6 | Third Round | Same stance; thumb + index + middle fingers up, other two clenched. |
| 28.7 | Yubei!–Kaishi! (Ready!–Start!) | Gong Bu between competitors; "Yubei" = arms out sideways palms up; "Kaishi" = palms drawn together in front of abdomen. |
| 28.8 | Ting! (Stop!) | Gong Bu; one vertical palm inserted between competitors, fingers up. |
| 28.9 | Five (5)-Second Passivity | One arm points to passive competitor (calling "Red/Blue side"); other hand raised, fingers spread, palm forward. |
| 28.10 | Count | Facing competitor, both fists in front of body, palms forward; fingers uncurl one at a time (thumb to little finger) at 1-second intervals. |
| 28.11 | Passive Holding/Clinching | One arm points to passive competitor; both arms then curl in a hug-like manner in front of body. |
| 28.12 | Passive Holding Advice | As above, then raise one hand with index finger up, other fingers/thumb clenched. |
| 28.13 | Eight (8)-Second Forcible Counting | Facing head judge, one arm extended, thumb up, other fingers clenched. |
| 28.14 | Three (3) Seconds | One arm points to competitor (calling side); other hand's thumb/index/middle fingers spread, sweeps from abdomen outward to the body side. |
| 28.15 | Instruct to Attack | One arm extended between competitors, thumb extended (other fingers clenched), palm down; hand sweeps horizontally toward thumb direction while calling the side. |
| 28.16 | Down | One arm points (palm up) to downed competitor while calling the side; other arm bent at side, palm down. |
| 28.17 | First Down | One arm points (palm up) to the first-down competitor while calling the side; forearms cross in front of abdomen, palms down. |
| 28.18 | Simultaneous Fall Down | Both arms extend horizontally forward, then withdraw and press palms down. |
| 28.19 | One Competitor off the Platform | One arm points (palm up) to the competitor who fell off while calling the side; other hand pushes forward, palm forward, Gong Bu stance. |
| 28.20 | Both Competitors off the Platform | Gong Bu stance, both palms pushed forward fingers up; then arms bend to 90° in front of body, palms back, feet together standing upright. |
| 28.21 | Kicking the Crotch | One arm points (palm up) to the fouling competitor while calling the side; other hand points palm-inward toward crotch. |
| 28.22 | Striking the Back of Head | One arm points (palm up) to the fouling competitor while calling the side; other hand placed on the back of the head. |
| 28.23 | Elbow Foul | Both arms bent in front of chest while calling the side; one hand covers the other elbow. |
| 28.24 | Knee Foul | Raise one knee while calling the side; pat the knee with same-side hand. |
| 28.25 | Warning | One arm points (palm up) to the fouling competitor while calling the side; other arm bends to 90°, fist clenched, back of fist facing outward. |
| 28.26 | Admonition | One arm points (palm up) to the fouling competitor while calling "Fangui (foul)"; other arm bends to 90°, palm extended facing inward. |
| 28.27 | Disqualification | Both hands clenched into fists, forearms crossed in front of chest while calling the side. |
| 28.28 | Not Valid | Both arms extended, crossed once in a swinging motion in front of the abdomen. |
| 28.29 | First Aid Emergency Treatment | Facing the medical desk, forearms crossed in front of chest forming a cross, fingers up. |
| 28.30 | Rest | Arms extended to sides, palms up, pointing to each competitor's resting place. |
| 28.31 | Exchange Positions | Standing at platform center, arms crossed in front of abdomen. |
| 28.32 | Draw | Standing between competitors, hold both wrists and raise both hands. |
| 28.33 | Winner | Standing between competitors, hold winner's wrist and raise that hand. |

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| # | Call/Gesture | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 29.1 | Off the Platform or Falling Down | One index finger pointing straight down, other fingers clenched. |
| 29.2 | Not Off the Platform or Not Falling Down | One palm formed, waved left and right once. |
| 29.3 | Not Seen Clearly | Both palms up, bent at elbows, swept outward to the sides of the body. |

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- The platform (leitai): frame with plywood surface, covered with EVA foam, covered by high-quality PU leather canvas.
- Contest area: 8m × 8m, height 80cm.
- Bordered on all 4 sides by a red line, 5cm thick.
- A yellow warning line, 10cm thick, drawn 90cm inward from the four sides of the contest area.
- IWUF logo at center of platform, 120cm in diameter.
- Surrounded by a safety area of foam protective mats, 2m (200cm) wide and 30cm high.

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| Item | Specification | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Colored Paddles | Round section diameter 20cm, handle 20cm | 18 total: 6 red, 6 blue, 6 split (half red/half blue) |
| Admonition Cards | Yellow, 15cm × 5cm, marked "劝告"/"Admonition" | 12 |
| Warning Cards | Red, 15cm × 5cm, marked "警告"/"Warning" | 6 |
| Forcible Counting Cards | Blue, 15cm × 5cm, marked "强读"/"Forcible Counting" | 6 |
| Off-Platform Cards | Orange, 15cm × 5cm, marked "下台"/"Off-Platform" | 6 |
| Card Rack | 60cm long × 15cm high; one red, one blue | 2 |
| Default Paddle | Round, diameter 40cm, handle 40cm; "弃权"/"Default" (red on one side, blue on other) | 2 (yellow) |
| Appeal Paddle | Round, diameter 40cm, handle 40cm; "申诉"/"Appeal" (red on one side, blue on other) | 2 (orange) |
| Stopwatch | — | 2 (1 reserve) |
| Whistle | 1 single-pitch, 1 double-pitch | 2 |
| Megaphone | — | 3 |
| Gong, Mallet & Rack | — | 1 set |
| Tally Counter | — | 15–20 |
| Video Camera | — | 2 |
| Metric Scale | Must display 2 digits after decimal point | 2 |
| Wireless Microphones | Pinned to platform referee's chest | 3 |
| Electronic Scoring System | — | 1 set |

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